Physical health and ADHD

Dental care

Individuals with ADHD may face increased risks to oral health due to their ADHD symptoms, including:

  • maintaining good dental hygiene
  • difficulties with going to the dentist
  • lifestyle choices associated with ADHD
  • effects of medications on oral health

The impact of ADHD symptoms

People with ADHD may struggle to maintain a consistent oral hygiene due to symptoms of inattention and difficulties with executive function. They may forget, or struggle to maintain a regular routine of brushing their teeth and flossing.

Challenges with motivation can result in people skipping oral care, especially when feeling tired and fatigued.  Difficulties with procrastination can lead to signs of dental problems – for example, bleeding gums or sensitive teeth – being overlooked or delay seeking treatment.

Hyperactivity and impulsivity can result in rushed and inadequate brushing without care or duration.

Hyperactivity can increase the risk of bruxism (teeth grinding), especially during periods of stress or overstimulation.

Diet and lifestyle factors

Diets high in sugars, processed foods, and low in fibre contribute to tooth decay and gum disease, enamel erosion, and increased risk of oral infections.

Caffeine, which is often consumed in sugary drinks, promote plaque formation and increase acid exposure leading to enamel wear. Caffeine can contribute to dry mouth, reducing saliva’s protective effects on teeth by washing away food particles, etc.

Nicotine (smoking and vaping), is strongly linked to gum disease and tooth loss, oral cancer and delayed healing after dental procedures. Smokeless nicotine products (for example pouches) may cause irritation in the mouth, receding gums, and enamel damage.

Alcoholic drinks are often acidic and sugary, contributing to tooth erosion and decay. Heavy alcohol use is a major risk factor for oral cancer. Alcohol can also cause dry mouth, increasing vulnerability to decay and infection.

Recreational drugs, like cocaine, methamphetamine, and ecstasy can cause severe dry mouth, teeth grinding, increased neglect of oral hygiene, tooth decay, gum disease, and oral infections.

Some drugs can cause acid reflux or vomiting, which erodes tooth enamel.

Find more support for alcohol and substance use for people with ADHD on our website.

Challenges adults with ADHD may face at the dentist
  • Difficulty with time management and appointment attendance
  • Sensory sensitivities
  • Struggle with sitting still due to feelings of restlessness
  • Anxiety or fear of dental procedures
  • Trouble processing information and following instructions given during the appointment
  • Difficulties in remembering aftercare instructions and to carry these out when home

ADHD medications and dental health

Medications used to treat ADHD can cause some common side effects which impact oral health.

Dry mouth

saliva helps keep your mouth healthy by:

  • Stopping acid damage from bacteria.
  • Washing away food and sugar after eating.
  • Protecting teeth and gums from decay and infection.
  • Strengthening tooth enamel with minerals like calcium and phosphate.

When saliva production decreases, it can lead to an increased risk of tooth decay, gum disease, and oral infections, which can also result in “bad breath”.

Bruxism (teeth grinding)

  • Some patients report increased jaw tension or grinding, especially at night, which can weaken or cause damage to teeth.

Appetite suppression

  • Some medications can reduce appetite in the day, leading to irregular eating patterns and increased snacking on sugary foods later in the day, which can harm teeth.
Dental care tips
  • Try to have small sips of water very regularly throughout the day
  • Chew sugar-free gum to help produce saliva
  • Use a good quality toothpaste with fluoride,
  • Do not rinse after brushing as this immediately washes away the benefits
  • Use fluoride mouthwash at different times to brushing
  • Avoid mouth wash with high-alcohol content as this can dry your mouth further
  • Have regular dental check-ups - this may be every six to 12 months, your dentist will advise on what is best for you

Helpful links and resources

Alcohol and substance use
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